Preface

VIII
The Editors

X
The Contributers

XI
Acknowledgements

XV
The Society of Prospective Medicine

XVI
The Institute for Health and Productivity Management

XVIII
Introduction

XX
Ethics Guidelines for the Development and Use of Health Assessments
The society of Prospective Medicine Board of Directors

XXIII

Part 1: Health Assessments

Section A: Types of Health Assessments

Health Risk Appraisal
Geoff Alexander

5
Health Status and Outcomes Assessment Tools
John E. Ware, Jr, PhD, and James E. Dewey, PhD

9
The Status of Health Status Assessment
Harry Wetzler, MD, MSPH

17
Lifestyle-Specific Outcome Measures
Dale Bond, MS, and Gerald C. Hyner, PhD

25
Screening Measures for Behavioral Health Assessment
Ronald C. Kessler, PhD, and Philip Wang, MD, DrPH

33
Measurements of Positive Health and Well-Being
C. James Frankish, PhD, Carol Herbert, MD, John H. Milsum, ScD,
and Heidi Freya Peters, MSc

41
Condition-Specific Health Assessments: Application and Disease Management
Warren E. Todd, MBA, Joseph Biskupiak, PhD, and Sandra E. Kretz, PhD

49
Public Health Surveillance: Health Appraisal for Populations
Scott Deitchman, MD, MPH, and Lee Sanderson, PhD

Section B: Theoretical frameworks for Health Assessment

Health Risk Appraisal from a Behavioral Perspective: Present and Future
Victor J. Steecher, PhD, MPH, and Matthew W. Kreuter, PhD, MPHM

75
Health Behavior Models
Colleen A. Redding, PhD, Joseph S. Rossi, PhD, Susan R. Rossi, PhD
Wayne F. Velicer, PhD, and James O. Prochaska, PhD

83
Communicating Health Assessment Information
Claire A. Stiles, PhD

95
The Role of Health Assessment in Planning Health Promotion Programs
Matthew W. Kreuter, PhD, MPH and Dareell P. Scharff, PhD

101
The Cost-Effectiveness of Health Promotion
John E. Riedel, MPH, MBA

111
Health, Work, and Productivity
Kent W. Peterson, MD and Sean Sullivan

119
The Theoretical and Technical Foundations of Health Measurement
Ian McDowell, PhD and Claire Newell, MA

127
The Reliability and Validity of HRA’s
Dee W. Edington, PhD, Louis Yen, PhD, and Alexandria Braunstein, MPH

135

Section C: Use and Selection of Health Assessment Tools

Population-Based Health Management-Focus On the Worksite
Kent W. Peterson, MD

145
Practical Guidelines for Maximizing the Impact of Assessments
Cori Ofstead and Diane Gobran

155
Strategies for Planning a Health Assessment Program
Gerald C. Hyner, PhD

161
Selecting a Health Assessment Tool
The Society of Prospective Medicine Task Force

169
Using Health Assessment Information in Managed Care Organizations
Ann Scheck McAlearney, ScD

173
Implementation Strategies and Application for Health Risk Appraisals
Rob Ryder, BA

179
The Usefulness of HRAs in the Workplace
Gerald C. Hyner, PhD

185
Computer Systems for Use in Health Assessments
Geoff Alexander

191
On-line Interactive Health Records and Health Assessments
Robert W. Lloyd, MBA, MA and Omar Bouhaddou, PhD

193
The Role of Health Assessment in Consumer Decision-Making and Self-Care
Donald W. Kemper, MSIE, MPH

201

Section D: Specific Applications of Health Assessments

Health Assessment at the Worksite
Paul Terry, PhD, David R. Anderson, PhD, and Seth Serxner, PhD, MPH

207
Health Risk Assessment in Office-Based Clinical Practice
James L. Early, MD, and Evan W. Kligman, MD

217
Health Risk Assessments in the Educational Setting
C. Rager, PhD, and Barbara Ritzert, MS, RNC

223
Health Assessment Within Managed Care Organizations:
Perspectives, Approaches, and Issues
Edward M. Framer, PhD, Gordon Kaplan, PhD, and Nicolaas P. Pronk, PhD

233
International Issues in Health Assessment
Dean F. Davies, MD, PhD

243
Adolescent Wellness-The Challenge of the 21st Century
Hogan, RN, MA and Richard L. Luscomb, PhD

249
Health Assessment of Seniors
John E. Riedel MPH, MBA and Harriet Hall Imrey, PhD

255
The Usefullness of Health Risk Assessment with Older Adult Populations
Carol C. Hogue, PhD, RN, FAAN, and Gordon H. DeFriese, PhD

263

Section E: Prospective Medicine

Janus: The Origins and the Future of Health Risk Appraisal
Dean F. Davies, MD, PhD

269
Specific of Survival Advantage
Lewis C. Robbins, MD, MPH

273
Annotated Bibliography

279
Glossary

289

Part II: Health Assessment Tools

Introduction

II-5

Section A: Commercial Assessments

Index of Commercial Tools by Company Name

IIA-1
HRA/HAS Comparison Chart

IIA-2

1. Health Risk Appraisals

A. INSTRUMENT SOURCES

IIA-1
B. INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTIONS:
ASAP!® Adult Health Survey

IIA-10
Building a Healthier You

IIA-14
Cardiac Risk Check (CRC)

IIA-17
CPM Customized Health Risk Assessment

IIA-21
HEALICS® Health Risk Report

IIA-24
Health appraisal Projections

IIA-27
Health & Lifestyle Questionnaire

IIA-31
Health Management System (HMS)

IIA-34
Health Quotient™ (HQ™) Online

IIA-37
Health Quotient™ (HQ™) Paper-Based

IIA-41
Health Risk Appraisal

IIA-45
HealthChek™

IIA-48
The Healthier People Network Health Risk Appraisal

IIA-51
HealthMax

IIA-56
HealthPath®

IIA-58
HealthShare®

IIA-63
HealthStep®

IIA-67
InfoMedics Dynamic Risk Appraisal (DRA)

IIA-71
INSIGHT and INSIGHT + Health Risk Assessment:INSIGHT + Online

IIA-74
Health Risk Assessment

IIA-78
Maternal Health Risk Assessment

IIA-82
MedAppraise® Adult Health Survey

IIA-85
Network Health Sytems® Health and Lifestyle Assessment

IIA-89
Patient Assessment System

IIA-93
Personal Health and Vitality Guide

IIA-97
Personal Health Evaluation™

IIA-101
Personal Risk Analysis (PRA)

IIA-105
Personal Wellness Profile Comprehensive Plus for Windows

IIA-109
RiskCalc Desktop Health Assessment

IIA-113
RickCalc Online Health Assessment

IIA-117
Senior Health Profiles™

IIA-120
Stanford Educational Assessment of Risk and Readiness for Change

IIA-123
(SEAR²CH)

IIA-126
Summex Health Monitor™

IIA-129
Summex Health Monitor Checkup™

IIA-132
Summex Health Monitor Express™

IIA-135
Summex Senior Health Monitor™

IIA-138
WellCheck Adolescent Wellness Assessment

IIA-141
Wellness Checkpoint®

IIA-144
YOU FIRST™ Health Risk Assessment

IIA-149
YOU FIRST™ Senior Health Assessment

IIA-153
2. Quality of Life/Health Status Assessment

A. INSTRUMENT SOURCES

IIA-156
B. INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTIONS:
HealthFlow

IIA-158
HealthScore™ Software

IIA-161

3. Lifestyle-Specific Assessments

A. STRESS INSTRUMENT SOURCES

IIA-165
B. INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTIONS:
StressMap® and Resiliency Map®

IIA-166
C. DIET/NUTRITIONS INSTRUMENT SOURCES

IIA-169
D. DIET/NUTRITION INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTIONS:

IIA-169
E. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY INSTRUMENT SOURCES

IIA-169
F. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTIONS:

IIA-169
G. SUBSTANCE ABUSE INSTRUMENT SOURCES

IIA-170

Appendix A:
Developer/Producer Questionaire for Health Assessment Instruments

IIA-171

Section B: Research Assessments

Introduction

IIB-3

1. Health Risk Appraisals
A. SINTRUMENT SOURCES

IIB-5
B. INSTRUMENTS REPRODUCED:
The Healthier People Network HRA

IIB-6
1999 Youth Risk Behavior Survey

IIB-12
2. Quality of Life/Health Status Assessments
A. INSTRUMENT SOURCES

IIB-23
B. INSTRUMENTS REPRODUCED:
The Duke Health Profile

IIB-24
Quality of Life Inventory

IIB-26
Quality of Well-Being Scale

IIB-30
SF-36

IIB-35
SF-12

IIB-38

3. Lifestyle-Specific Assessments
A. STRESS INSTRUMENT SOURCES

IIB-41
B. STRESS INSTRUMENTS REPRODUCED:

IIB-41
C. DIET/NUTRITION INSTRUMENT SOURCES

IIB-43
D. DIET/NUTRITION INSTRUMENTS REPRODUCED:
Computer Assisted Interview Diet History Program

IIB-44
Fat Intake Scale

IIB-50
Food Questionnaire

IIB-52
NHANES III Dietary Component

IIB-64
NHANES III 24-Hour Dietary Recall Form-Worksheet

IIB-69
NHANES III Food Frequency Interview Survey

IIB-74
E. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY INSTRUMENT SOURCES

IIB-81
F. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY INSTRUMENTS REPRODUCED:
Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study

IIB-82
The Three-Day Physical Activity Record

IIB-93
G. OTHER INSTRUMENT SOURCES

IIB-99

Contents